Robert Gardner and Wallace Lambert, "Attitudes and Motivation in Second-Language-Learning”

This influential book, published in 1972, was an early attempt by two scholars to answer the question: What motivates successful language learners? It introduces the key ideas of “integrative” and “instrumental” motivation to learn a language, which have influenced many researchers since then.

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Excerpt: Introduction

In the introduction to their book, Gardner and Lambert summarize the research that they and other scholars have done into what motivates successful language learners. This type of academic writing is called a “literature review.”